India Based Neutrino Observatory( INO)
-INO is a multi-institutional collaboration(nearly 26 institutions and about 100 scientists are
involved) which
aims to build an underground laboratory for pure Science research,
especially in Neutrino Physics to understand nature and interactions of Neutrinos
-The project includes construction of an iron calorimeter detector, called ICAL, that will be the world's most massive detector when completed. ICAL consists of 50000 tons of magnetized iron plates arranged in stacks with gaps in between where Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) would be inserted as active detectors, the total number of 2m X 2m RPCs being around 29000
- It is a mega-science project under the XII five-year plan of Government of India with an investment of about 1350 crores, jointly funded by the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) and the Department of Science and Technology (DST)
-Host Institution - Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai
-Location- Bodi West Hills in Theni district, Tamil Nadu
-Setting up of National Centre for High Energy Physics at Madurai, for the operation and maintenance of the underground laboratory, human resource development and detector R&D along with its applications
- Expected completion of Project- 2015.
- One of the earliest laboratories created to detect neutrinos underground in the world was located more than 2000 m deep at the Kolar Gold Field (KGF) mines in India. his laboratory has been closed due to the closure of the mines
-There are now four major laboratories around the world:
1. in Sudbury in Canada,
2. Kamioka in Japan,
3. under the Gran Sasso mountains in Italy and
4. in Soudan mines in the USA
-The laboratory is situated underground because of their extremely weak interaction with matter. The background from cosmic rays (which interact much more readily than neutrinos) and natural radioactivity will make it almost impossible to detect them on the surface of the Earth. This is the reason most neutrino observatories are located deep inside the Earth’s surface.
-About Neutrinos:-
*Definition:- The neutrino is an elementary particle which holds no electrical charge, having half integral spin, negligible atomic mass, travels at nearly the speed of light, and passes through ordinary matter with virtually no interaction
*Created as a part of radioactive decay and interactions, such as solar fusion, supernovae, radioactive decay, and when cosmic rays collide with the Earth's atmosphere.
* For example, the Sun produces over two hundred trillion trillion trillion neutrinos every second, and a supernova blast can unleash 1000 times more neutrinos than our Sun will produce in its 10-billion year lifetime. Billions of neutrinos stream through our body every second, yet only one or two of the higher energy neutrinos will interact with you in your lifetime
* There are actually three types of neutrino: electron neutrino, muon neutrino, and tau neutrino.
* Detecting them is important because
1. Neutrinos are by far the second most numerous of all the particles in the universe after photons of light and so even a tiny mass for the neutrinos can enable them to have an effect on the evolution of the Universe through their gravitational effects and also energy production in the stars.
2. They are the only particles which can probe the deep interiors of the Earth- neutrino tomograph of the Earth.
-The project includes construction of an iron calorimeter detector, called ICAL, that will be the world's most massive detector when completed. ICAL consists of 50000 tons of magnetized iron plates arranged in stacks with gaps in between where Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) would be inserted as active detectors, the total number of 2m X 2m RPCs being around 29000
- It is a mega-science project under the XII five-year plan of Government of India with an investment of about 1350 crores, jointly funded by the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) and the Department of Science and Technology (DST)
-Host Institution - Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai
-Location- Bodi West Hills in Theni district, Tamil Nadu
-Setting up of National Centre for High Energy Physics at Madurai, for the operation and maintenance of the underground laboratory, human resource development and detector R&D along with its applications
- Expected completion of Project- 2015.
- One of the earliest laboratories created to detect neutrinos underground in the world was located more than 2000 m deep at the Kolar Gold Field (KGF) mines in India. his laboratory has been closed due to the closure of the mines
-There are now four major laboratories around the world:
1. in Sudbury in Canada,
2. Kamioka in Japan,
3. under the Gran Sasso mountains in Italy and
4. in Soudan mines in the USA
-The laboratory is situated underground because of their extremely weak interaction with matter. The background from cosmic rays (which interact much more readily than neutrinos) and natural radioactivity will make it almost impossible to detect them on the surface of the Earth. This is the reason most neutrino observatories are located deep inside the Earth’s surface.
-About Neutrinos:-
*Definition:- The neutrino is an elementary particle which holds no electrical charge, having half integral spin, negligible atomic mass, travels at nearly the speed of light, and passes through ordinary matter with virtually no interaction
*Created as a part of radioactive decay and interactions, such as solar fusion, supernovae, radioactive decay, and when cosmic rays collide with the Earth's atmosphere.
* For example, the Sun produces over two hundred trillion trillion trillion neutrinos every second, and a supernova blast can unleash 1000 times more neutrinos than our Sun will produce in its 10-billion year lifetime. Billions of neutrinos stream through our body every second, yet only one or two of the higher energy neutrinos will interact with you in your lifetime
* There are actually three types of neutrino: electron neutrino, muon neutrino, and tau neutrino.
* Detecting them is important because
1. Neutrinos are by far the second most numerous of all the particles in the universe after photons of light and so even a tiny mass for the neutrinos can enable them to have an effect on the evolution of the Universe through their gravitational effects and also energy production in the stars.
2. They are the only particles which can probe the deep interiors of the Earth- neutrino tomograph of the Earth.
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